Stock market mein invest karna ya trading karna tabhi successful ho sakta hai jab aap uski basic language ko samajh lein. Har field ki tarah, stock market ka bhi ek apna vocabulary hota hai. Agar aap beginner hain, to ye terms confuse kar sakti hain. Lekin agar aap inn basic terms ko samajh lein, to trading aur investing dono mein confidence badh jaata hai. Aaiye jaante hain kuch important stock market terms jo har trader ko pata hone chahiye.
1. Stock / Share Stock ya share ka matlab hota hai kisi company mein ownership ka ek hissa. Jab aap kisi company ka ek share kharidte hain, to aap us company ke chhote se hissa ke malik ban jaate hain. Isse aapko dividend mil sakta hai aur stock price badhne par profit bhi.
2. Equity Equity ka matlab hota hai kisi business ka ownership. Stock market mein equity shares ka matlab hota hai aise shares jo kisi company ke asli malik ke roop mein aapko rights dete hain jaise voting rights aur dividend.
3. Index Index ya “सूचकांक” ek aisa indicator hota hai jo kisi specific group of stocks ke performance ko dikhata hai. India mein popular indexes hain Nifty 50 aur Sensex. Agar Sensex badh raha hai, iska matlab major stocks ki value badh rahi hai.
4. Bull Market Jab market mein stocks ki prices consistently badhti hain to use Bull Market kehte hain. Is dauraan investors ka confidence high hota hai aur log actively invest karte hain.
5. Bear Market Jab market ki direction downward hoti hai aur stocks ki prices lagatar girti hain to us situation ko Bear Market kehte hain. Ye usually panic, selling pressure aur low economic growth ke time hota hai.
6. IPO – Initial Public Offering Jab koi private company apne shares public ko first time offer karti hai to us process ko IPO kehte hain. IPO ke zariye company paise raise karti hai aur investors ko us company mein invest karne ka moka milta hai.
7. Dividend Jab koi company profit kamaati hai, to wo apne shareholders ko us profit ka kuch hissa return karti hai in the form of dividends. Ye ek periodic (monthly, quarterly, yearly) payout hota hai.
8. Market Capitalization Kisi company ka total market value uske outstanding shares ko current market price se multiply kar ke nikala jaata hai. Isse Market Cap kehte hain. Large-cap, mid-cap aur small-cap companies isi basis par classify ki jaati hain.
9. Volume Volume ka matlab hota hai kisi particular stock mein kitne shares trade hue kisi ek din mein. High volume ka matlab hota hai us stock mein high activity hai, jo price movement ka signal de sakta hai.
10. Volatility Volatility batata hai ki kisi stock ya market ki price kitni tezi se badh rahi hai ya gir rahi hai. Zyada volatility high risk and reward dono indicate karta hai.
11. P/E Ratio – Price to Earnings Ratio Ye ratio batata hai ki kisi stock ki price uske earnings ke comparison mein kitni high ya low hai. Low P/E ratio ka matlab ho sakta hai undervalued stock, jabki high P/E growth expectation ko dikhata hai.
12. Stop Loss Stop loss ek automatic order hota hai jo tab trigger hota hai jab stock ki price ek certain level se neeche girti hai. Ye losses ko control karne mein madad karta hai. Jaise agar aapne stock 500₹ mein kharida aur stop loss 480₹ lagaya, to 480 par stock sell ho jaayega taaki zyada loss na ho.
13. Intraday Trading Intraday trading ka matlab hota hai ek hi din ke andar buy aur sell karna. Isme trader profit kamaane ke liye price fluctuations ka use karta hai. Isme high risk hota hai aur technical analysis important role play karta hai.
14. Delivery Trading Delivery trading mein shares kharidne ke baad aap unhe kisi time limit ke bina rakh sakte hain. Isme investor long-term ke liye invest karta hai.
15. Margin Margin ka matlab hota hai broker se udhaar le kar trade karna. Isse leverage bhi kehte hain. Agar aapke paas ₹10,000 hain aur broker aapko 5x margin deta hai, to aap ₹50,000 tak ka trade kar sakte hain.
16. Bid Price aur Ask Price Bid price wo price hota hai jo buyer dena chahta hai, jabki ask price seller ki demand hoti hai. Dono ke beech ka difference spread kehlata hai. Zyada spread hone ka matlab hai liquidity kam hai.
17. Portfolio Aapke paas jitne bhi stocks, mutual funds, FDs, etc. hain unka combined collection portfolio kehlata hai. Achi diversification se portfolio ka risk kam hota hai.
18. Blue Chip Stocks Ye woh established companies hoti hain jo market mein long-term se stable performance de rahi hoti hain. Jaise Reliance, Infosys, HDFC Bank, etc. Inme invest karna comparatively safe mana jaata hai.
19. 52 Week High/Low Ye dikhata hai ki kisi stock ne pichle 1 saal mein kya highest aur lowest price touch kiya. Isse stock ke trend aur performance ka idea lagta hai.
20. Circuit Limit Stock exchange stocks ke price movement ke liye ek upper aur lower limit fix karta hai jise circuit limit kehte hain. Agar koi stock bahut tezi se girta ya badhta hai, to trading ko temporarily rok diya jaata hai.
21. Technical Analysis Isme price charts, volume data, aur indicators ka use karke future price movement predict kiya jaata hai. Traders candlestick charts, RSI, MACD, Bollinger Bands jaise tools use karte hain.
22. Fundamental Analysis Isme company ke financials jaise revenue, profit, assets, debt, P/E ratio, aur growth potential ko analyze karke long-term investment decision liya jaata hai.
23. Resistance & Support Resistance wo level hota hai jahan stock ki price baar-baar ruk jaati hai (upar jaane se pehle), jabki support wo level hota hai jahan price baar-baar gir kar ruk jaati hai. Inka analysis karke entry aur exit ka decision liya jaata hai.
24. Brokerage Brokerage wo fee hoti hai jo aap har trade par broker ko dete hain. Zerodha, Upstox jaise discount brokers flat ₹20 charge karte hain, jabki full-service brokers zyada fee lete hain.
25. Demat Account Trading karne ke liye aapko Demat account ki zarurat hoti hai jisme aapke shares electronically store hote hain. Ye ek digital locker hota hai jahan aapke saare stocks safe hote hain.
Conclusion Stock market mein successful hone ke liye knowledge sabse badi investment hai. Agar aap ye basic terms samajh lete hain, to trading ya investing ka safar kaafi asaan ho jaata hai. Har ek term ka apna importance hota hai, aur real-time examples ke saath agar aap inhe observe karenge to aapko market ka deeper understanding milega. Apne trading/investing journey mein ye terms aapko sahi decision lene mein madad karenge. Regular practice aur sahi learning se aap apna financial goal achieve kar sakte hain.
